Cancer mortality in workers at risk of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in a company in the nuclear sector headquarters in São Paulo / Mortalidade por câncer em trabalhadores com risco de exposição ocupacional à radiação ionizante em empresa do setor nuclear sediada em São Paulo

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare cancer mortality among workers exposed to gamma and X radiation and the general population of the city of São Paulo, as well as that of the subgroup monitored with those not monitored for gamma and X radiation in a work unit with ionizing radiation based in the city of São Paulo. Methods: Between 2016 and 2021, a retrospective open cohort study was carried out with workers who were employed from 08/31/1956 to 12/31/2016 based on data collected at the company and in official institutions. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated by sex, age and calendar period of cancers grouped according to type, risk factor and organ system in two analyses: in the external analysis, the mortality of the study population was compared with that of the general population of the city of São Paulo; In the internal analysis, the mortality of the monitored subgroup was compared with that of the subgroup not monitored for gamma and X radiation. Results: The external mortality analysis showed SMR=0.224 (95%CI 0.208-0.240) and the healthy worker effect, while the internal mortality analysis showed SMR=0.685 (95%CI 0.618-0.758). Conclusion: This study showed lower cancer mortality among exposed workers when compared to mortality in the general population and the healthy worker effect. Among workers monitored for gamma and X radiation, cancer mortality was lower when compared to those not monitored.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a mortalidade por câncer entre trabalhadores expostos à radiação gama e X e a população geral do município de São Paulo, bem como a do subgrupo monitorado com o não monitorado para radiação gama e X em uma unidade de trabalho sediada no município de São Paulo. Métodos: Entre 2016 e 2021 foi realizado estudo de coorte aberta retrospectiva com trabalhadores que tiveram vínculo empregatício desde 31/08/1956 até 31/12/2016 a partir de dados coletados na empresa e em instituições oficiais. Foram calculadas as razões de mortalidade padronizadas (RMP) por sexo, idade e período calendário de cânceres agrupados segundo o tipo, o fator de risco e o sistema orgânico em duas análises: na análise externa, comparou-se a mortalidade da população de estudo com a da população geral do município de São Paulo; já na análise interna, comparou-se a mortalidade do subgrupo monitorado com a do subgrupo não monitorado para radiação gama e X. Resultados: A análise externa de mortalidade mostrou RMP=0,224 (IC95% 0,208-0,240) e o efeito do trabalhador sadio, enquanto a análise interna de mortalidade mostrou RMP = 0,685 (IC95% 0,618-0,758). Conclusão: Este estudo mostrou menor mortalidade por câncer entre os trabalhadores expostos quando comparada com a mortalidade da população geral e o efeito do trabalhador sadio. Entre os trabalhadores monitorados para radiação gama e X, a mortalidade por câncer foi menor quando comparada com a dos não monitorados.

El conocimiento y cumplimiento de las normas de protección sobre la radiación ionizante en una clínica dental docente

Introducción: El uso de radiografías como elemento complementario para el diagnóstico es fundamental para la práctica profesional de todo cirujano dentista. Por tanto, es importante conocer no solo los beneficios de la radiología oral y los fundamentos de protección radiológica, sino también determinar su nivel de aplicación o la adherencia frente al cumplimiento de los aspectos normativos que regulan el uso de la radiación ionizante en odontología. Objetivo: Relacionar el conocimiento sobre los cuidados en radiología bucal, las ventajas y los peligros en la toma de radiografías con el cumplimiento de las normas de protección radiológica y radiación ionizante en estudiantes de odontología de una clínica dental docente. Métodos: La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 180 estudiantes del cuarto año de la carrera de odontología, que emplearon los equipos radiológicos en la clínica docente asistencial durante los años 2019 (segundo semestre) y 2020 (primer trimestre). Se tomó como muestra representativa a 104 estudiantes, incorporados al estudio mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos de recolección de datos, uno para evaluar el conocimiento (cuestionario) y otro para verificar el cumplimiento de normas (lista de chequeo) sobre la protección radiológica y el diagnóstico por imágenes en la práctica odontológica. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicó la prueba estadística chi cuadrado con un nivel de significancia del 95 %. Resultados: No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,30) entre el conocimiento teórico sobre la protección radiológica y el diagnóstico por imágenes, respecto el cumplimiento de las normas que regulan su aplicación (p > 0,05). El 90 % de participantes tienen conocimientos entre regulares y excelentes. Sin embargo, solo el 32 % cumple las normas técnicas de protección sobre radiación ionizante en su práctica clínica. Conclusión: Los estudiantes de odontología tienen suficiente conocimiento sobre protección radiológica y diagnóstico por imágenes. Sin embargo, este conocimiento no se refleja en prácticas adheridas a las normas.

Introduction: The use of radiographs as a complementary element for diagnosis is fundamental to the professional practice of every dental surgeon. Therefore, it is important to know not only the benefits of oral radiology and the fundamentals of radiological protection, but also to determine their level of application or adherence to compliance with the regulatory aspects that regulate the use of ionizing radiation in dentistry. Objective: To relate the knowledge of oral radiology care, the advantages and dangers in taking radiographs with compliance with the norms of radiological protection and ionizing radiation in dental students of a dental teaching clinic. Methods: The study population consisted of 180 fourth year dental students who used the radiological equipment in the teaching dental clinic during 2019 (second semester) and 2020 (first quarter). A representative sample of 104 students was taken, incorporated into the study by simple random sampling. Two data collection instruments were applied, one to evaluate knowledge (questionnaire) and the other to verify compliance with standards (checklist) on radiological protection and diagnostic imaging in dental practice. For the statistical analysis the chi-square statistical test was applied with a significance level of 95 %. Results: No statistically significant relationship was found (p = 0.30) between theoretical knowledge of radiological protection and diagnostic imaging with respect to compliance with the norms that regulate its application (p > 0.05). Ninety percent of participants have fair to excellent knowledge. However, only 32 % comply with the technical norms of ionizing radiation protection in their clinical practice. Conclusion: Dental students have sufficient knowledge of radiation protection and diagnostic imaging. However, this knowledge is not reflected in practices that adhere to the standards.

Analysis of high risk factors for chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 200 radiation workers in Hainan Province / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status and high-risk factors of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes （PBL） of radiation workers in Hainan Province. MethodsA total of 200 radiological workers who underwent occupational health examination in Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected to collect the occupational health examination data and the rate of PBL chromosomal aberrations. The influencing factors of PBL chromosomal aberrations were analyzed by logistic regression model. The predictive value of logistic regression prediction model on PBL chromosomal aberrations were determined by using the reciver operator characteristic （ROC） curve. ResultsA total of 20 000 cells （100 cells/person） were tested. The chromosomal aberration rate was 0.37% （74/20 000） and the PBL chromosomal aberration rate in the subjects was 6.00% （12/200）. Univariate analysis showed that PBL chromosomal aberrations in radiological workers were related to age， length of service， type of work and education （all P<0.05）， but not to gender （P>0.05）. The logistic regression prediction model was constructed based on the influencing factors， with χ2=9.413， df=9， P=0.852， suggesting a good model fit. The logistic regression prediction model predicted the area under the curve （AUC） for the occurrence of PBL chromosomal aberrations in radiation workers was 0.914 （95%CI： 0.866‒0.949）， with a cut-off value of 3.05， corresponding to a prediction sensitivity and specificity of 100.00% and 75.98%， respectively. ConclusionThe incidence of PBL chromosomal aberrations in radiological workers in Hainan Province was 6.00%， with age， working age and job type as high-risk factors and education level as a protective factor. The prediction model constructed by the above factors can provide a reliable basis for clinical prediction of PBL chromosomal aberrations in radiological workers.

Chronic Injury of Mice Bone Marrow Multipotent Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Induced by Ionizing Radiation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the chronic injury and its possible mechanism of ionizing radiation on multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (MPPs) by determining the related indicators of MPPs in bone marrow of mice post-radiation.@*METHODS@#Sixteen C57BL/6 adult mice were randomly divided into normal control and irradiation groups, 8 mice in each group. The mice in irradiation group were exposed to 6 Gy X-ray. The proportion of bone marrow MPPs, their apoptosis and proliferation 2 months after irradiation were detected by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial activity and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in each MPPs population were detected by Mitotracker Red and DCFDA probes, and the senescent state of MPPs in the bone marrow was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Ionizing radiation could reduce the proportion of MPPs in mouse bone marrow. The proportions and numbers of MPP1, MPP3 and MPP4 in the bone marrow were significantly decreased after whole-body irradiation with 6 Gy X-ray (P<0.05). In addition, radiation significantly reduced the colony-forming capacity of MPPs in bone marrow (P<0.05), the proportions of apoptotic cells in the MPP1 and MPP4 cell populations increased significantly in the bone marrow (P<0.05). The activity of mitochondria was significantly reduced in the bone marrow MPP2, MPP3 and MPP4 cell populations compared with that of the control group (P<0.05). It was also found that the radiation could significantly increase the ROS levels of MPPs in bone marrow, and the content of ROS in the MPP2, MPP3 and MPP4 cell population of the bone marrow was significantly increased(P<0.05). The senescent cells ratios of MPP1, MPP3 and MPP4 cells in the bone marrow after irradiation were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Ionizing radiation can cause chronic MPPs damage in mice, which is closely associated with persistent oxidative stress, cells apoptosis, and cellular senescence.

Research progress of irradiation injuries anti-agents / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Irradiation injuries anti-agents refer to drugs that can inhibit the initial stage of radiation injuries, or reduce the development of radiation injuries and promote the recovery of injuries when used early after irradiation exposure. According to the mechanism of action and the time of intervention, the irradiation injuries anti-agents are divided into four categories: radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radiation therapeutics for external radiation exposure, and anti-agents for internalized radionuclides. In this paper, the research progress of irradiation injuries anti-agents in recent years is reviewed.

Thyroid abnormalities and influencing factors in medical radiology workers in Guangdong Province / 环境与职业医学

Background The thyroid gland is one of the organs sensitive to ionizing radiation, and there are few studies on the effects of long-term exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation on the thyroid gland of radiation workers. Objective To investigate thyroid abnormalities in workers in medical radiology departments in Guangdong Province and to identify potential influencing factors of thyroid abnormalities. Methods A total of 1657 radiation workers from 48 hospitals in Guangdong Province were selected as survey subjects using convenience sampling, and their personal dose monitoring results and health examination information were retrospectively analyzed to determine the factors affecting thyroid abnormalities. Results The M (P25, P75) of thyroid absorbed dose (DT) was 1.55 (0.65, 3.96) mGy in the 1657 investigated workers. The attribute-specific medians of DT were 1.29, 1.38, 1.99, and 3.51 mGy for departments of diagnostic radiology, interventional radiology, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine, respectively; and 1.10, 1.55, and 1.80 mGy for job titles of nurse, technician, and physician, respectively. Differences in DT by gender, age, years of radiological work, age of radiation exposure onset, occupational category, and job title were statistically significant (Z=−6.35, H=708.52, 918.20, 31.19, 95.64, 39.28, P<0.05). The positive rate of thyroid abnormalities in investigated workers was 46.53% (771/1657). Among them, the positive rate of abnormal thyroid function was 22.87% (379/1657), that of abnormal thyroid morphology was 33.98% (563/1657), and that of thyroid nodule was 26.55% (440/1657). The differences in thyroid abnormality rates by gender, age, years of radiation work, age of radiation exposure onset, DT, and job title of radiation workers were statistically significant (χ2=51.89, 49.64, 20.54, 18.29, 12.07, 16.16, P<0.05). The differences in abnormal thyroid function positive rate by gender, age of radiation exposure onset, and job title were statistically significant (χ2=26.21, 6.21, 8.32, P<0.05). The differences in the positive rates of abnormal thyroid morphology and nodules were statistically significant by gender, age, years of radiological work, age of radiation exposure onset, DT, and job title (abnormal thyroid morphology, χ2=40.24, 64.17, 37.63, 15.17, 19.28, 15.05; nodules, χ2=31.41, 77.98, 42.11, 19.16, 21.70, 13.52, P<0.05). The positive rates of thyroid abnormality, thyroid morphology abnormality, and nodules all showed a linear increasing trend with increasing age, years of radiation work, and age of radiation exposure onset (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the factors influencing thyroid abnormalities were female (OR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.72-2.74), increased years of radiological work (OR=1.04, 95%CI: 1.03-1.06), onset of radiation exposure in age groups of 30-34 and ≥35 years (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.12-2.37; OR=2.58, 95%CI: 1.74-3.29), and working in department of diagnostic radiology (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.07-1.84). Conclusion Long-term exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation has an effect on thyroid abnormalities in medical radiation workers. Among them, being female, physicians, and working in department of diagnostic radiology are at a higher risk of abnormal thyroid function; being female, increased years of radiation work, and radiation exposure onset at age ≥30 years are associated with a higher risk of reporting abnormal thyroid morphology.

Role of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in hydrogen-rich water improving cognitive impairment induced by ionizing radiation in rats / 环境与职业医学

Background In the process of radiotherapy, when radiation kills tumor cells, it inevitably damages normal tissue cells. Objective To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor−kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the improvement of cognitive impairment induced by ionizing radiation by hydrogen-rich water before and after whole brain irradiation in rats. Methods Fifteen male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, irradiated group (IR group), and hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+HRW group), with 5 rats in each group. The control group was not irradiated, but was given purified water (20 mL·kg−1) by gavage every day, while the IR group and the IR+HRW group were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy. Three days before, 10 min before, and 30 days after irradiation, purified water/hydrogen-rich water (20 mL·kg−1) was given by continuous gavage every day. The general condition of the rats was observed every day, and the body weight were measured on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th days after irradiation. On the 30th day after irradiation, the learning and memory ability of the rats was tested by Morris water maze; the pathological changes of hippocampus were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining after sacrificing the rats; the contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and hydroxyl radicals in brain tissues were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase 1) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting in the hippocampus of rats. Results After irradiation, the rats in the IR group showed symptoms such as head hair removal and salivation, while the symptoms of the rats in the IR+HRW group were milder. No animal died in the control and the IR+HRW groups, while one rat died in the IR group. From day 14 to day 30 after irradiation, the body weight of the rats in the IR+HRW group tended to be higher than that in the IR group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The Morris water maze results showed that the escape latency of the IR+HRW group was shortened compared with that of IR group from day 1 to day 5 except day 3, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). For the rats in the IR+HRW group, it took less time to reach the original location of the platform after removing the platform on day 6 and the number of crossing the platform and the residence time in the original platform quadrant increased (P<0.05). The HE staining showed that the number of hippocampal cells in the IR+HRW group was slightly reduced and arranged neatly, without obvious nuclear hyperchromatic and pyknotic phenomenon. The ELISA results showed that the MDA and hydroxyl radical levels were decreased in the IR+HRW group compared with the IR group (P<0.05), the GSH content was increased, and the IL-1β concentration was decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and Caspase 1 in the hippocampus of the IR+HRW group were decreased compared with the IR group (P<0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB and NLRP3 were also decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of Western blotting showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and Caspase 1 protein in the hippocampus of the IR+HRW group were decreased compared with the IR group (P<0.05), and the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 protein were also decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Hydrogen-rich water can improve cognitive impairment induced by ionizing radiation in rats, and its mechanism may be related to regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting inflammatory factors, and attenuating oxidative stress.

Effect of hydrogen-rich water on brain injury in rats with acute radiation based on PI3K/AKT/Caspase-9 signaling pathway / 环境与职业医学

Background At present, radiation therapy is widely used in clinical treatment of tumors. However, while radiation therapy damages tumor cells, it also injures surrounding normal tissues. Studies have shown that hydrogen is a potential radiation-protective agent. Objective To investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of hydrogen-rich water activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/cysteinyl aspartate specificproteinase-9 (Caspase-9) signaling pathway in acute radiation-induced brain injury. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, irradiation only group (IR), high-dose hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+HHRW), and low-dose hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+LHRW), 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group, animals in each group received a single 20 Gy whole brain irradiation. Animals in all groups were gavaged once a day from 3 d before irradiation to 7 d after irradiation, pure water (20 mL·kg−1) was given to the control and the IR groups, and hydrogen-rich water (20 mL·kg−1, 10 mL·kg−1) was given to the IR+HHRW and the IR+LHRW groups. After 7 d of intervention, 5 rats in each group were selected for the Morris water maze experiment for behavioral evaluation. Autopsies were conducted after anesthesia for the remaining animals and blood samples were collected for hematological analysis. Rat brains were harvested for TUNEL staining to observe neuronal apoptosis. HE staining was performed to observe histopathological changes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted to detect oxidative stress-related indicators, and real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expressions of PI3K/AKT/Caspase-9 pathway-related genes and proteins. Results The body weight of rats receiving irradiation decreased after 7 d of irradiation compared with the control group (P<0.05), and the symptoms such as arched back and malaise occurred to varying degrees, and the symptoms of rats in the IR+HHRW group were significantly milder than those in the IR group. The behavioral test results showed that the escape latency of rats in the IR+HHRW group or the IR+LHRW group was shorter than that in the IR group from day 2 to day 5 (P<0.05), and it took less time for rats in the IR+HHRW group to reach the original position after removing the platform on day 6 (P<0.05). The hematological test results showed that red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB) level, and white blood cell (WBC) count were significantly decreased in the IR group (P<0.05), and the changes in the IR+HHRW group were improved (P<0.05). The HE staining results showed that the number of abnormal nerve cells, broken and dissolved nuclei, and the degree of damage in the IR+HHRW group were significantly reduced than those in the IR group. The results of oxidative stress evaluation showed that the ability of the IR group to inhibit free radicals decreased, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased (P<0.01); the MDA level decreased after LHRW intervention (P<0.05); the SOD activity was elevated after HHRW intervention (P<0.05). The TUNEL staining results showed that the apoptosis signals in the IR+HHRW group were sparser than those in the IR group (P<0.05). The real-time PCR results showed that compared with the IR group, the mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT in the IR+HHRW group and the IR+LHRW group increased (P<0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of Cytc and Caspase-9 decreased (P<0.05). The Western blotting results showed that compared with the IR group, the phospho-AKT (pAKT) protein expression level in the IR+HHRW group increased significantly (P<0.05), while the expression of Caspase-9 and Cytc proteins decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion Hydrogen-rich water can significantly reduce inflammation and oxidative stress caused by acute irradiation-induced brain injury, and decrease neuronal apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the PI3K/AKT/Caspase-9 signaling pathway.

Perfil sociodemográfico e situação de saúde dos pacientes expostos ao Césio 137 em Goiânia / Sociodemographic profile and health situation of patients exposed to Cesium 137 in Goiânia

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os aspectos sociodemográficos e da situação de saúde dos indivíduos expostos ao Césio 137, que constam com cadastro ativo no Sistema de Informação ao Radioacidentado (SISRAD) do Centro de Assistência aos Radioacidentados (CARA). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com análise transversal, realizado no período de outubro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020 e que contempla dados registrados desde o ano de 1987. O público-alvo da pesquisa consistiu em indivíduos expostos de forma direta e indireta ao Césio 137 na cidade de Goiânia-Goiás, e que se encontram devidamente cadastrados no CARA. Levou-se em consideração aspectos sociodemográficos, a fim de construir o perfil dos pacientes. Realizado esse processo, procedeu-se à classificação e distribuição dos pacientes, através de critérios como a forma de contato e a dose de exposição. O levantamento de dados foi executado pela análise dos prontuários no SISRAD. Resultados e Conclusões: nos grupos mais jovens não foram identificados cânceres precoces ou malformações nos Grupos NGI e NGII, mas existem relatos que conflitam com as declarações de óbitos dos grupos GI e GII, o que trouxe dificuldades para uma análise estratificada e detalhada. As doenças psíquicas, apresentam maior prevalência, seguidas de causas associadas a hipertensão e a diabetes. Verificou-se a importância da análise de saúde dos radioacidentados como ferramenta de planejamento, preparação e avaliação dos grupos de risco

This study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic aspects and the health situation of individuals exposed to Cesium 137, who have an active record in the Information System for Radio Accidents (SISRAD) of the Assistance Center for Radio Accidents (CARA). Methods: This is a descriptive study, with cross-sectional analysis, carried out from October 2019 to February 2020 and which includes data recorded since 1987. The target audience of the research consisted of individuals exposed directly and indirect exposure to Cesium 137 in the city of Goiânia-Goiás, and who are duly registered with the CARA. Sociodemographic aspects were taken into account in order to build the profile of patients. Once this process was completed, the patients were classified and distributed using criteria such as the form of contact and the dose of exposure. Data collection was carried out by analyzing the medical records in SISRAD. Results and Conclusions: In the younger groups, no early cancers or malformations were identified in Groups NGI and NGII, but there are reports that conflict with the death certificates of groups GI and GII, which brought difficulties for a stratified and detailed analysis. Mental illnesses are more prevalent, followed by causes associated with hypertension and diabetes. The importance of analyzing the health of radio-accidents as a tool for planning, preparing and evaluating risk groups was verified

A radiation free alternative to CBCT volumetric rendering for soft tissue evaluation / Um método alternativo à TCFC sem radiação ionizante para a avaliação de tecidos moles da face

Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether a "radiation free" method using 3D facial scan can replace Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) volumetric rendering of soft tissue of the patient to assess maxillofacial surgery outcomes and compare the reference points and angular measurements of patient facial soft tissue. Material and Methods: Facial soft tissue scan of the patient's face, before and after orthognathic surgery and a CBCT of the skull for volumetric rendering of soft tissues were carried out. The 3D acquisitions were processed using Planmeca ProMax 3D ProFace® software (Planmeca USA, Inc.; Roselle, Illinois, USA). The participant were positioned in a natural position during the skull scannering. Three sagittal angular measurements were performed (Tr-NA, Tr-N-Pg, Ss-N-Pg) and two verticals (Go-N-Me, Tr-Or-Pg) on facial soft tissue scan and on the patient's 3D soft tissue CBCT volumetric rendering. Results: A certain correspondence has been demonstrated between the measurements obtained on the Proface and those on the CBCT. Conclusion: A radiation free method was to be considered an important diagnostic tool that works in conditions of not subjecting the patient to harmful ionizing radiation and it was therefore particularly suitable for growing subjects. The soft tissue analysis based on the realistic facial scan has shown sufficient reliability and reproducibility even if further studies are needed to confirm the research result.(AU)

Objetivo:Avaliar se um método "livre de radiação" usando escaneamento facial 3D pode substituir a renderização volumétrica da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) dos tecidos moles do paciente para analisar os resultados da cirurgia maxilofacial e comparar os pontos de referência e medições angulares afim de avaliar a correspondência entre as duas metodologias. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado o escaneamento dos tecidos moles faciais do paciente, antes e depois da cirurgia ortognática e uma tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico do crânio para renderização volumétrica dos tecidos moles. As aquisições 3D foram processadas usando o software Planmeca ProMax 3D ProFace® (Planmeca USA, Inc.; Roselle, Illinois, USA). O participante foi posicionado em posição natural durante o escaneamento do crânio. Três medições angulares sagitais foram realizadas (Tr-NA, Tr-N-Pg, Ss-N-Pg) e duas verticais (Go-N-Me, Tr-Or-Pg) nas imagens de scaneamento e nas imagens do tecido mole facial da reconstrução tridimensional da TCFC. Resultados: Uma certa correspondência foi demonstrada entre as medidas obtidas no Proface® e aquelas na TCFC. Conclusão: Um método livre de radiação deve ser considerado uma importante ferramenta de diagnóstico que funciona em condições de não submeter o paciente a radiação ionizante nociva e, portanto, é particularmente adequado para indivíduos em crescimento. A análise de tecidos moles com base na varredura facial realista mostrou confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade, porém mais estudos são necessários para confirmar o resultado da pesquisa. (AU)

Analysis of occupational health examination results of radiation workers in Dezhou, China / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To investigate the occupational health status of radiation workers in Dezhou, China, explore the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on the health of radiation workers, and provide a basis for improving the health of radiation workers. Methods A total of 1101 radiation workers in Dezhou who underwent occupational health examination in 2021 were selected. The effects of physical examination type, type of work, sex, length of service, and age on the health status of radiation workers were compared and analyzed. Results The abnormal rates of abdominal color Doppler ultrasound and eye lens were significantly higher in pre-post radiation workers than in radiation works (P < 0.05). The abnormal rates of eye lens increased with the length of service in radiation workers (P < 0.05). The abnormal rate of abdominal color Doppler ultrasound in male workers was higher than that in female workers, while the abnormal rates of blood routine and thyroid function were higher in female workers than in male workers (P < 0.05). Conclusion The abdominal rates of color Doppler ultrasound and eye lens are relatively high among radiation workers in Dezhou. It is necessary to improve the protection awareness and strengthen the level of radiation protection, so as to ensure the occupational health of radiation workers.

Influencing factors for thyroid function among radiation workers in Wuhan City / 预防医学

Objective@# To investigate the thyroid functions and influencing factors among radiation workers in Wuhan City, so as to provide insights into occupational health monitoring among radiation workers.@*Methods @#Radiation workers receiving physical examinations in Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases from January to October 2022 were enrolled, and participants' gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, medical history, medication use, types of occupational radiation and work duration were collected. Triiodothyronine (TT3), thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured using a magnetic microparticle-based chemiluminescence immunoassay. Personnel dose equivalent was monitored using thermoluminescent dosimetry, and annual cumulative radiation dose was estimated. Factors affecting thyroid function were identified using a multivariable linear regression model.@*Results@#Totally 978 radiation workers were recruited, with a median age of 32.00 (interquartile range, 10.00) years, and including 782 men (79.96%) and 196 women (20.04%). There were 246 smokers (25.15%), 257 workers with alcohol consumption (26.28%) and 489 with a history of radiation work (50.00%). The median annual cumulative radiation dose was 0.20 (interquartile range, 0.24) mSv. The percentage of abnormal thyroid function was 14.72%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that women (OR=1.925, 95%CI: 1.061-3.490), history of radiation work (OR=2.810, 95%CI: 1.119-7.057) and involving in medical application (OR=1.915, 95%CI: 1.101-3.332) were associated with abnormal thyroid function.@*Conclusions@#The percentage of abnormal thyroid function was 14.72% among radiation workers in Wuhan City. History of exposure to ionizing radiation, types of occupational radiation and gender were main factors affecting thyroid function.

Research progress of cell death in radiation protection and radiosensitization / 中国辐射卫生

@#The rapid advances in technology and medicine have greatly facilitated the application of ionizing radiation. Clinically, radiotherapy is one of the major treatments for malignant tumors. However, besides killing tumor cells, ionizing radiation inevitably leads to radiation damage and even death of normal cells. How ionizing radiation causes cell death and the forms of cell death have always been important research topics in this field. Recently, several forms of cell death induced by irradiation have been discovered. Apart from apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagic cell death, and methuosis have gradually become research hotspots, and provide new targets for the development of radioprotective drugs and radiosensitizers. In this review, we summarize various forms of ionizing radiation-induced cell death and related molecular mechanisms. We also introduce the latest progress in radiation protection and radiosensitization based on these cell death mechanisms. This review will provide a reference for the research and development of radioprotective drugs and radiosensitizers in the future.

Protective effects of WR-2721 combined with lentinan and cytokines against radiation damage / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To investigate the synergistic protective effects of WR-2721 combined with lentinan and cytokines against radiation damage in mice, and to provide a new treatment for acute radiation injury. <b>Methods</b> Seventy Institute of Cancer Research mice were divided into seven groups: a control group, a model group, WR-2721 group, Lentinan & cytokine group, WR-2721 & Lentinan group, WR-2721 & cytokine group and WR-2721 & Lentinan & cytokine group. All groups except the control group were irradiated with ⁶⁰Co γ-rays at a dose rate of 0.8 Gy/min and a cumulative dose of 5.0 Gy. The mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation 14 d after irradiation to measure their spleen index, thymus index, and serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-11 (IL-11), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). <b>Results</b> For the mice treated with WR-2721, lentinan, and cytokines, the spleen index was 7.33 ± 2.84, the thymus index was 1.70 ± 0.30, the serum SOD level was 114.0 ± 8.3, the MDA level was 7.33 ± 1.16, the IL-11 level was 155.8 ± 49.4, and the TNF-α level was 174.0 ± 37.8. All these indicators except the spleen index in the combination group significantly differed from those of the model group (<i>P</i> < 0.05 or 0.01), indicating the combined treatment promoted recovery from radiation damage. <b>Conclusion</b> WR-2721 combined with lentinan and cytokines has significant synergistic protective effects, which is a promising treatment for acute radiation injury.

Effects of low-dose radiation on oxidative stress and damage repair in HBE cells / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To investigate the effects of lowdose ionizing radiation (LDIR) on oxidative stress and damage repair in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. <b>Methods</b> HBE cells were divided into 0, 50, 100, and 200 mGy groups, and cultured for 24 and 48 h after X-ray irradiation, respectively. The cell viability, levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and transcriptional levels of DNA damage repair genes <i>PPP2R2D</i> and <i>TP53</i> were measured. <b>Results</b> At 24 h after irradiation, there was no significant difference in the cell viability between the dose groups and the control group (<i>P</i> > 0.05); all dose groups had significantly increased MDA level, dose-dependently decreased GSH level, dose-dependently increased 8-OHdG level, and significantly increased mRNA level of <i>PPP2R2D</i> gene (all <i>P</i> < 0.05); the mRNA expression level of <i>TP53</i> gene was significantly increased in the 50 mGy group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). At 48 h after irradiation, there were the highest cell viability, significantly decreased MDA and 8-OHdG levels, and significantly increased mRNA expression levels of <i>PPP2R2D</i> and <i>TP53</i> genes in the 50 mGy group compared with the control group (all <i>P</i> < 0.05); the GSH level in the 100 mGy group was significantly increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusion</b> LDIR, especially radiation at 50 mGy, can affect the oxidative-antioxidant level in HBE cells and the transcript-level differential expression of DNA damage repair genes.

Recent advances in research on population health effects of low-dose ionizing radiation / 中国辐射卫生

Due to the continuous development of nuclear power technology and the wide application of ionizing radiation in China, an increasing number of occupational groups and the general public have been exposed to the low-dose ionizing radiation environment. Consequently, research has focused on related health effects (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects). There is no consensus on the health effects of long-term low-dose ionizing radiation exposure on populations. This article reviews the health effects of low-dose ionizing radiation identified worldwide to provide a scientific basis for investigating the mechanisms of such effects and developing population protection strategies.

Research progress on effects of radiation exposure during pregnancy on offspring health / 中国辐射卫生

With social development and technology progress, there is an increasing use of daily electronic products and radioactive medical devices, which increases the risk of exposure to radiation in medical practices, daily life activities, and work. Notably, the effects of radiation exposure on pregnant women and their offspring have attracted increasing attention. Comprehensive and accurate assessment and intervention of the effects of radiation exposure on pregnant women and their offspring are of great significance to reduce birth defects and achieve eugenics. This article reviews the effects of radiation exposure during pregnancy on offspring health based on animal experiments and clinical studies, and describes the possible mechanisms, so as to provide the basis for further studies.

Research progress on the effects of ionizing radiation exposure on cardiovascular systems / 中国辐射卫生

With the rapid development and widespread application of medical imaging technologies, ionizing radiation has become unavoidable in human lives. Accurate assessment of healthy effects of ionizing radiation is of great significance to reduce the risk of exposure to radiation. Increasing evidence has proven the impact of ionizing radiation on cardiovascular systems. This article reviews the effects of ionizing radiation on heart, blood pressure, and blood vessels and the possible mechanisms, so as to provide insights into implementation of targeted protective interventions and reduction of ionizing radiation hazard.

Role of cell fate regulation by ionizing radiation in radiation-induced lung injury and its therapeutic progress / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Radiation induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication after radiation therapy of breast tumors and bone marrow transplantation pretreatment, and it is a critical limiting factor of radiotherapy doses in patients. Once RILI progresses to the radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis stage, it seriously reduces the patient’s quality of life, while causing the patient’s respiratory failure and eventually leading to death. Ionizing radiation (IR) can induce cell injuries, including apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, senescence, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, and these injuries can play an important role in the occurrence and development of radioactive lung injury. Starting from discussion of the occurrence of different forms of injury in different cells after IR stimulation, this review summarizes the pathogenesis of RILI and its clinical prevention and treatment.